History, process and products nearly every aspect of our modern lifestyle is impacted by oil. An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils. The diagram depicts only one of the literally hundreds of different oil refinery configurations. Its purpose is to develop an understanding of the technology and its applications at an. Petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. Petroleum refining, conversion of crude oil into useful products, including fuel oils, gasoline petrol, asphalt, and kerosene. However, none of these products would exist without the. We will continue to drive down the environmental impact of our operations by preventing pollution, reducing waste, emissions and discharges, and using energy ef ciently. Purchase fundamentals of petroleum refining 1st edition. The other add value to petroleum mainly by moving and storing it e. Classified under sic 29, the petroleum refining industry is. The text introduces the basics of dealing with the thermodynamics and physical property predictions of hydrocarbon components in. Bland and davidson wrote about processing details only someone familiar with refinery and oilfield practices would know intimately. Petroleum refining processes download ebook pdf, epub.
Gregg lorimor, instructor, previously with holly frontier corporation. Thus, you can well understand the importance of hydrocarbons in your daily life. However, the published information on the refinery processes and operation is scant and mostly confined to licensors data, which reveal little beyond what is absolutely necessary for process sale. Kbr matti nurminen fortum oil and gas oy introduction environmental issues are threatening the future use of mtbe. Petroleum coke, abbreviated coke or petcoke, is a final carbonrich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of fuels referred to as cokes.
Learn more about petroleum refining, including its history and the various processes used to create the different products. Oil refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils. A previous handbook, petroleum processing handbook, by bland and davidson is a perfect contrast to this text. The engineers guide to plant layout and piping design for the oil and gas industries, 2018. In other version of the process, steam is used to gasify most of the coke flexicoking. They are also used as the starting materials for manufacture of many dyes and drugs. Click download or read online button to get petroleum refinery engineering book now.
Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products james g. Introduces the reader to the production of the products in a refinery introduces the reader to the types of test methods applied to petroleum. The other links add value to petroleum mainly by moving and storing it e. Petroleum has been a source of energy for heating, lighting and locomotion and particularly the most convenient fuel for the internal combustion engine. Mixtures of alkanes, fortunately, are perfectly suitable for uses as fuels, solvents, and lubricants, the primary uses of petroleum. Petroleum refining at a glance petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. Petroleum refining is a unique and critical in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump.
Our more than 600 corporate members, from the largest major oil company to the smallest of independents, come from all segments of the industry. The refinery cleans and separates the crude oil into many fuels and products. Oil refinery process units, refinery equipment list. Petroleum has been a source of energy for heating, lighting and locomotion and particularly the most convenient fuel. Other petroleum products are diesel fuel, heating oil, and jet fuel. Petroleum coke refers to all types of carbonaceous solids obtained in petroleum processing, which includes green or raw, calcined and needle petroleum coke. Oil is used to power our vehicles, to create medicines that keep us healthy, and to make the plastics, cosmetics, and other personal products that enhance our daily lives. Fundamentals of petroleum refining request pdf researchgate.
Petroleum and its products encyclopedia of life support. Petroleum refining 101 course january 2020 in denver euci. Toledo refinery environmental policy bp toledo re nery is committed to our corporate goal of no damage to the environment. That means that, excluding fuel oil, modern life results in each citizen of an industrial nation. They may even conjure up images of jet fuel, but most will rarely consider the other unexpected places that petroleum byproducts show up in modern life. For example, in 20 a large stockpile owned by koch carbon near the detroit river was produced by a marathon petroleum refinery in detroit which had begun refining bitumen from the oil sands of alberta in november 2012. Some of the fundamentals of the book are composition of radiation effects on lubricants, thermal cracking of pure saturatedhydrocarbons, petroleum asphalts, refinery products, refinery feedstocks, blending and compounding, oil refining, residual fuel oils, distillate heating oils, formulations of petroleum, photographs of machinery.
The book includes topics such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels. Drilling for and transporting oil can endanger wildlife and the environment if it spills into rivers or oceans. Petroleum refining and the prod uction of ulsg and ulsd october 24, 2011 page 2 2. Handbook of petroleum product analysis, 2nd edition. Petroleum productsgasoline, medicines, fertilizers, and others have helped people all over the world, but there is a tradeoff. Basic petroleum engineering practices overview this course is far more than an introduction to petroleum engineering and certainly is not a super. The impervious rock covering the reservoir rocks is called a cap rock. An extensive glossary and dictionary of the terms and expressions used in petroleum refining, plus appendices supplying data such as converging factors and selected crude oil assays, as well as an example of optimizing a refinery configuration using linear programming are all included to aid the reader. Petroleum coke may be stored in a pile near an oil refinery pending sale. This guide introduces energy efficiency opportunities available for petroleum refineries, beginning with descriptions of the trends, structure and production of the refining industry and the energy. Air pollution engineering manual, second edition, ap40, u. If time allows, parts of other chapters can also be used. Petroleum coke is a byproduct of the oil refinery industry. William lefflers petroleum refining in nontechnical language, fourth edition is designed to give the reader an overview of key refining topics by using relevant analogies, easytounderstand graphs, formulas, and illustrations.
When first published in 1936 a main purpose of this book was the introduction of the principles of chemical engineering. Deddis encyclopedia of life support systems eolss petroleum products and coal, hence, natural gas has displaced liquid petroleum based fuels and coal in efforts to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide generated in meeting energy needs. As shown in figure 84, oil traps consist of hydrocarbon fluids held in porous rock covered by a cap rock. The combustion of crude oil gave inroad to derivation of various energies from petroleum.
Large stockpiles of petcoke also existed in canada. Petroleum refinery process modeling wiley online books. Other uses of petroleum when most people think of petroleum they think of gasoline and diesel fuel. Petcoke is the coke that, in particular, derives from a final cracking processa thermobased chemical engineering process that splits long chain hydrocarbons of petroleum into shorter chainsthat takes place in units. Foreign incentive to ship excess gasoline to us, especially to the east coast from europe. Vacuum distillation is a key part of the petroleum.
Petroleum refining design and applications handbook wiley. The image below is a schematic flow diagram of a typical petroleum refinery that depicts the various refining processes and the flow of intermediate product streams that occurs between the inlet crude oil feedstock and the final endproducts. Complete separation into fractions containing individual compounds is economically impractical and virtually impossible technically. The demand for gasoline is much greater than that supplied by the gasoline fraction of petroleum. Fractionation distillation is the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers into groups of hydrocarbon compounds of differing boilingpoint ranges called fractions or cuts. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. In general, united states prefers gasoline to diesel whereas the rest of the world prefers diesel to gasoline. Lorimor recently retired after serving in a variety of positions in engineering, operations, and refinery management in over 40 years in the oil refining business. This book was clearly written by a process engineer not a production engineer. The text introduces the basics of dealing with the thermodynamics and physical property predictions of hydrocarbon components in the context of process modeling. It is second only to the chemicals industry in the total amount of energy it consumes.
It illustrates stateoftheart engineering methods for the refinement of heavy oils, bitumen, and other highsulphur feedstocks. Nelson, professor of petroleum refining, university of tulsa. Petroleum refinery engineering download ebook pdf, epub. Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery, naphthas, typically having low octane ratings, into highoctane liquid products called reformates are components of highoctane gasoline also known as highoctane petrol. Toledo refinery environmental policy bp toledo re nery is committed to our corporate goal of no. The purpose ofthis book is to provide to each work force employee a code for safe and environmentally responsible work. Petroleum coke is produced as a byproduct and has applications in the electric power and industrial sectors as fuel inputs, or as manufacturing raw material to produce electrodes for the steel and aluminum industries. Thus the fractions taken contain mixtures of alkanes of similar boiling points see the table below. Chemical engineering and chemical process technology petroleum and its products c. Petroleum production, exploration, and the use of petroleum products cause air and water pollution.
Petroleum industry in general, the products which dictate refinery design are relatively few in number, and the basic refinery processes are based on the largequantity products such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and home heating oils. In this lecture, we present a brief overview of the petroleum refining, a prominent process. Fundamentals of petroleum refining 1st edition elsevier. The book also covers more advanced topics, which might be used for. Petroleum is vital to many industries and in the manufacture of a wide variety of materials. Chapter 5 the petroleum refining industry industry overview the petroleum refining industry uses the largest quantity of premium fuels in the industrial sector, amounting to 2,7 quads in 1981. Petroleum refinery engineering chemical engineering series by nelson, wilbur lundine and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Click download or read online button to get petroleum refining processes book now. Petroleum is used mostly, by volume, for producing fuel oiland petrol, both important primary energy sources. In recent years, this industry has made a great deal of effort to increase the yield of high octane products, minimize waste, and im. The first phase in petroleum refining operations is the separation of crude oil into its major constituents using 3 petroleum separation processes. The american petroleum institute api is the only national trade association that represents all aspects of americas oil and natural gas industry.
The industry that uses petroleum to produce other chemicals is referred to as the petrochemical industry. Vacuum distillation is a part of the refining process that helps to produce petroleum products out of the heavier oils left over from atmospheric distillation. Pdf atmospheric and vacuum crude distillation units in petroleum refineries. Types of unrefined petroleum include asphalt, bitumen, crude oil, and natural gas. Electrical engineering principles and applications 6th edition pdf. A huge percentage of a refinery can be changed, literally, from year to year, to account for the type of crude being refined or to integrate new equipment or processes. Handbook of petroleum product analysis wiley online books. This book is the most uptodate and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the stateoftheart to the engineer. About 80% of the refineries operating in the united states have a vacuum distillation unit vdu, a secondary processing unit consisting of vacuum distillation columns.
Petroleum refineries have grown rapidly in complexity and so, too, the refinery operations. In this unit, you will learn more about hydrocarbons. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum. Petroleum refining is a technology that uses fossil fuels as raw materials and chemical catalysts as a means to achieve conversion of petroleum through once, twice, and deep processing to get a series of chemical products, which are further used as the basic raw materials for synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, plastics, chemical fertilizers and pesticides production. Petroleum refining an overview sciencedirect topics. Energy information administration refinery model of the world energy project system plus. In the early days of the petroleum refining industry, simple distillations were used to produce desired gasoline and kerosene products, with up to so percent of the crude oil feedstock being discarded. Reverse osmosis water filtration system ro plant working. Fundamentals of the petroleum refining industry crude oil and its properties classes of r efinery processes and refinery configurations properties of the refinery produced streams blendstocks that make up gasoline and diesel fuel refinery processing options for producing ulsg and ulsd. It is estimated that industrialized nations currently consume petrochemical products at a rate of three and a half gallons of oil per day.
Guide describes research conducted to support energy star and its work with the petroleum refining industry. Request pdf fundamentals of petroleum refining fundamentals of. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss refinery gas c1 c4 161 1 259 31 liquefied petroleum gas c3 c4 42 1 44 31 naphtha c5 c17 36 302 97 575 gasoline c4 c12 1 216 31 421. In the industry of crude oil refining, there are vast applications of ferrous metals. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Pdf handbook of petroleum refining processes download. This work highlights contemporary approaches to resource utilization and provides comprehensive coverage of technological advances in residuum conversion. Petroleum coke is used in many applications, including electrodes and anodes. Bland and davidson wrote about processing details only someone familiar with. It illustrates state of theart engineering methods for the refinement of heavy oils, bitumen, and other highsulphur feedstocks. Vacuum distillation is a key part of the petroleum refining. Model documentation 4 the appendices to this report provide supporting documentation for the input data and parameter files. Catalytic reforming an overview sciencedirect topics.
The petroleum refining industry converts crude oil into more than 2500. The first step in refining petroleum is distillation. Refining operations petroleum refining processes and operations can be separated into five basic areas. Principal energyrelated uses of the products of petroleum refining. Industry uses petroleum as a feedstock to make plastics and many other products. This is a list of products produced from petroleum.
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